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THE DSM IV-TR - How is Bipolar Disorder Defined? |
THE DSM IV-TR - How is Bipolar Disorder Defined? Bipolar disorder: A mood disorder involving manic episodes-intense and very disruptive experiences of heigtened mood, possibly alternating with major depressive episodes. Bipolar I disorder: The diagnosis used to describle a clinical course in which the indivdual experiences one or more manic episodes with the possibility, though not the necessity, of having experienced one or more major depressive episodes. Bipolar II disorder: The diagnosis used to describe a clinical course in which the individual experiences one or more major depressive episodes and at least one hypomanic episode. These come from a recent course in psy. The info in the book is up to date with the info in the D.S.M. IV T.R. Source(s): Abnormal Psychology Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders 5th ed. Richard P. Halgin and Susan Krauss Whitbourne Bipolar Disorder is defined by periods of euphoria and manic feelings and behavior, followed by periods of depression and withdrawal and suicidal behavior or thoughts. DSM-IV-TR divides bipolar illness into four categories: (1) Bipolar I --- Bipolar I disorder encompasses the classic definition of manic-depressive disorder and requires that the patient has had a manic episode to confirm the diagnosis. DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for bipolar I disorder include: a. The patient is or was recently in a manic episode b. The patient has had at least one previous major depressive episode, manic episode, or mixed episode c. The mood episodes mentioned in 1 and 2 are not better accounted for by schizoaffective disorder and are not superimposed on schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, or psychotic disorder not otherwise specified (2) Bipolar II --- Bipolar II disorder comprises recurrent major depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes. DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for bipolar II disorder include: a. One or more major depressive episodes b. At least one hypomanic episode c. The patient has never had a manic or mixed episode d. The mood episodes mentioned in 1 and 2 are not better accounted for by schizoaffective disorder and are not superimposed on schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, or psychotic disorder not otherwise specified e. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning (3) Cyclothymic disorder --- Cyclothymic disorder is similar to bipolar II except that the episodes of depression do not meet the criteria for major depression. DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for cyclothymic disorder include: a. For at least 2 years, the patient has had numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and numerous periods of depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for major depressive episodes. In children and adolescents, the duration must be at least one year b. During the period mentioned in 1, the person has not been without the symptoms listed in 1 for more than 2 months at a time c. No major depressive, manic, or mixed episodes during the first 2 years of the mood disturbance. After the initial 2 years (2 years in adolescents and children), there may be superimposed manic or mixed episodes or major depressive episodes d. The mood episodes mentioned in 1 are not better accounted for by schizoaffective disorder and are not superimposed on schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, or psychotic disorder not otherwise specified e. The symptoms are not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition f. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning (4) Bipolar disorder not otherwise specified --- DSM-IV-TR defines bipolar disorder not otherwise specified as encompassing all other mood disorders that are clinically in the bipolar realm but do not meet the criteria for another bipolar disorder. The differential diagnosis of bipolar disorder includes schizophrenia, unipolar depression, substance abuse, medication-related mania, metabolic disturbances (e.g., hyperthyroidism), neurological conditions (e.g., seizures), infection, neoplasm, trauma, and organic brain disease.55 Differentiating bipolar disease from other psychiatric illnesses may be facilitated by use of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire. These divisions are based on the severity and duration of the altered mood. degree in psychology |
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