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In your opinion, whats the meaning of a false-positive test result testing for HIV? |
In your opinion, whats the meaning of a false-positive test result testing for HIV? Hidden Facts and Dangers of HIV Tests What's in the Fine Print Remarkable information about HIV tests including the fact that no HIV test has ever been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the actual diagnosing of HIV infection. Few doctors, clinics, journalists, or AIDS organizations know that all current HIV tests are approved only as screening tests, prognostic tests (for predicting a possible future outcome) or as "an aid in diagnosis" and are not intended to be used for determining if a person actually has HIV. The FDA's lack of such approval speaks to the fact that no HIV test can directly detect or quantify HIV or determine the presence of specific HIV antibodies in human blood. Recent changes in the fine print of the test kits acknowledge this little known data and seem to indicate a change of thought with regard to the role of HIV in AIDS. From 1984 until last year, test literature contained the very certain statement that "AIDS is CAUSED by HIV." Then in November of 2002, a new test kit started what now seems to be a trend toward rethinking the causal link between HIV and AIDS. It states, "AIDS, AIDS related complex and pre-AIDS are THOUGHT TO BE CAUSED by HIV." (OraQuick Rapid HIV-1 Antibody Test, OraSure Technologies, Inc) Now it appears we've gone from "HIV is thought to cause AIDS," to something even more uncertain: "Published data indicate A STRONG CORRELATION between the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and a retrovirus REFERRED TO as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)." This last quote is found in the package insert for a new ELISA test (Vironostika HIV-1 Plus O Microelisa System) the FDA approved in June 2003. The entire package insert can be downloaded from http://www.fda.gov/cber/pma/p020066.htm... According to Alive & Well advisor Dr Rodney Richards, a chemist and co-creator of the very first HIV test, as of June 2003, the number of FDA approved tests that contain the term HIV or LAV (the old school term for the so-called virus) have risen to 36. Of these, 13 have been approved in just the last three years. Richards points out that "despite the increased number of HIV tests, there is still no manufacturer that claims their test can be used to diagnose infection with HIV. All of the RNA based tests for viral load and genotyping clearly state they are 'NOT intended for use in diagnosing HIV infection.' Instead of an indication for use in detecting or quantifying the actual virus, these tests are approved only for prognosis or monitoring therapy for people who doctors assume are infected.锟?br /> Richards is working on a document to clarify what HIV test manufacturers mean by the terms "prognosis," "monitoring of therapy," and "aid in the diagnosis of HIV." His report will focus on what the tests cannot do (diagnose HIV infection) and what exactly they can. At first glance, the rapid tests may appear relatively benign since the manufacturers clearly emphasize that "preliminary positives" must be confirmed with follow up testing. This emphasis is due to the fact that the accuracy of the rapid tests锟?is widely known to be more questionable than the already dubious HIV ELISA or Western Blot. But the notion that medical personnel will await confirmation of results before insisting patients take action is entirely misguided since the true market for rapid tests is pregnant women in labor Incredibly, the recommendation to misuse rapid tests for women in labor comes directly from the Deputy Commissioner of the FDA himself, Dr. Lester M Crawford. The good doctor says "OraQuick will be a great help in identifying pregnant HIV-infected women going into labor who were not tested during pregnancy so that precautionary steps can be taken to block their newborns from being infected with HIV." (FDA News, November 7, 2002) These precautionary steps include IV infusion of the toxic chemotherapy AZT during labor, C-section delivery, six weeks of mandatory AZT treatment for the baby regardless of their own HIV status, and orders to the mother not to breastfeed. Even though chemotherapy, surgery and denial of normal feeding are based on preliminary results from a test never approved for detecting HIV infection, a mother who declines such intervention risks losing custody of her child. Perhaps more remarkable than official calls for misuse of rapid tests is a disclosure by the manufacturer of the OraQuick that 7% of women with a history of prior pregnancy will score falsely positive on their test. Further, the manufacturer of the newly approved Reveal test didn't even evaluate their product in multiparous women. Worse still, as Dr Richards points out, the rapid tests may soon be routinely administered to women tested negative before labor. "Based on the erroneous belief these tests can actually diagnose HIV infection, doctors may want to retest women in labor who锟絭e previously come up negative just to be sure they haven't seroconverted in the mean time." Another lucrative market for the rapid tests is among healthcare workers who experience accidental needle sticks or other unintentional contact with patient fluids. As Richard points out, this opens a Pandora锟絪 box of potential life-altering situations. "Imagine a nurse sticks herself with a used needle. Ora-Sure gives her the impression she can find out quickly if that needle is contaminated with HIV. Should the needle score positive, she would then be urged to start prophylactic chemotherapy right away. Of course, if the needle scores positive, hospitals would most likely feel an ethical responsibility to inform the patient and to urge them to also start 'saving their lives' with AIDS meds. Since there are 600,000 to 1,000,000 accidental needles sticks in the US annually, this is a huge market for both the test and treatment manufacturers." The great influence of drug and test manufacturers on public health policy, media presentations and among AIDS activist groups may mean that the hidden dangers of rapid tests will remain unknown. FALSE is a good thing but you are risking your self and others health when you continue to have unprotected sex, please wrap up and go get another test in the next 6 months just to make sure that you are free of any and all dieases The most significant inconsistency in RNA assays for people diagnosed HIV-positive is the presence of false positive viral loads, which occur commonly in 3% to 10% of people who have no risk factors for HIV and who test negative on the HIV antibody tests (people considered HIV-negative). In the United States, where the prevalence of HIV infection is about 0.4%, this false positive rate means that random screening using the viral load test would produce 30 to 100 false positives for every 4 true positives. Factors Known to Cause False-Positive HIV Antibody Test Results Anti-carbohydrate antibodies (52, 19, 13) Naturally-occurring antibodies (5, 19) Passive immunization: receipt of gamma globulin or immune globulin (as prophylaxis against infection which contains antibodies)(18, 26, 60, 4, 22, 42, 43, 13) Leprosy (2, 25) Tuberculosis (25) Mycobacterium avium (25) Systemic lupus erythematosus (15, 23) Renal (kidney) failure (48, 23, 13) Hemodialysis/renal failure (56, 16, 41, 10, 49) Alpha interferon therapy in hemodialysis patients (54) Flu (36) Flu vaccination (30, 11, 3, 20, 13, 43) Herpes simplex I (27) Herpes simplex II (11) Upper respiratory tract infection (cold or flu)(11) Recent viral infection or exposure to viral vaccines (11) Pregnancy in multiparous women (58, 53, 13, 43, 36) Malaria (6, 12) High levels of circulating immune complexes (6, 33) Hypergammaglobulinemia (high levels of antibodies) (40, 33) False positives on other tests, including RPR (rapid plasma reagent) test for syphilis (17, 48, 33, 10, 49) Rheumatoid arthritis (36) Hepatitis B vaccination (28, 21, 40, 43) Tetanus vaccination (40) Organ transplantation (1, 36) Renal transplantation (35, 9, 48, 13, 56) Anti-lymphocyte antibodies (56, 31) Anti-collagen antibodies (found in gay men, haemophiliacs, Africans of both sexes and people with leprosy)(31) Serum-positive for rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibody (both found in rheumatoid arthritis and other autoantibodies)(14, 62, 53) Autoimmune diseases (44, 29, 10, 40, 49, 43): Systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, connective tissue disease, dermatomyositis Acute viral infections, DNA viral infections (59, 48, 43, 53, 40, 13) Malignant neoplasms (cancers)(40) Alcoholic hepatitis/alcoholic liver disease (32, 48, 40,10,13, 49, 43, 53) Primary sclerosing cholangitis (48, 53) Hepatitis (54) "Sticky" blood (in Africans) (38, 34, 40) Antibodies with a high affinity for polystyrene (used in the test kits)(62, 40, 3) Blood transfusions, multiple blood transfusions (63, 36,13, 49, 43, 41) Multiple myeloma (10, 43, 53) HLA antibodies (to Class I and II leukocyte antigens)(7, 46, 63, 48, 10, 13, 49, 43, 53) Anti-smooth muscle antibody (48) Anti-parietal cell antibody (48) Anti-hepatitis A IgM (antibody)(48) Anti-Hbc IgM (48) Administration of human immunoglobulin preparations pooled before 1985 (10) Haemophilia (10, 49) Haematologic malignant disorders/lymphoma (43, 53, 9, 48, 13) Primary biliary cirrhosis (43, 53, 13, 48) Stevens-Johnson syndrome9, (48, 13) Q-fever with associated hepatitis (61) Heat-treated specimens (51, 57, 24, 49, 48) Lipemic serum (blood with high levels of fat or lipids)(49) Haemolyzed serum (blood where haemoglobin is separated from the red cells)(49) Hyperbilirubinemia (10, 13) Globulins produced during polyclonal gammopathies (which are seen in AIDS risk groups)(10, 13, 48) Healthy individuals as a result of poorly-understood cross-reactions (10) Normal human ribonucleoproteins (48,13) Other retroviruses (8, 55, 14, 48, 13) Anti-mitochondrial antibodies (48, 13) Anti-nuclear antibodies (48, 13, 53) Anti-microsomal antibodies (34) T-cell leukocyte antigen antibodies (48, 13) Proteins on the filter paper (13) Epstein-Barr virus (37) Visceral leishmaniasis (45) Receptive anal sex (39, 64) http://www.whatisaids.com/60factors.htm... EVERY test has a margin of error to determine accuracy - including HIV Tests. There are just as many false positives as there are false negatives. When someone has a Positive HIV test, it is sent for further more detailed testing. Between the two test, an accurate result will arise. If both tests come back positive, then you should schedule an appt with your doctor to have yet another test to determine your T-cell count and other important health factors. There is no need to panic. 99% of all doctors have had some sort of training in HIV Medicine and can guide you to where you can get the best information. |
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