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Why does sodium contribute to heart disease?

Specifically what is the biological effect of too much sodium that leads to heart disease?

In a complex way, increased salt intake causes more fluid to be retained in the blood vessels. This increased volume of blood requires the heart to work harder to pump blood to all the tissues in the body. Increasing the blood鈥檚 volume within the enclosure of the circulatory system is one way that salt increases blood pressure.



Salt may also help elevate blood pressure through the action of the arterioles. Arterioles are blood vessels that dilate and constrict to regulate blood pressure and blood flow. By
contracting under the influence of sodium, arterioles effectively increase the resistance to blood movement and lessen the volume of blood that is returned to the heart. This action also increases blood pressure.

The body needs sodium but not in excess.

sodium attracts water. if there is too much sodium in the body, water retention can occur which could lead to hypervolemia (fluid overload). this is particularly stressful for the heart, because it would need to pump harder. patients with congestive heart failure are mostly affected by this.

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